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• experts intending to obtain the necessary resources to establish a BSRN station
• technologists involved in the construction and operation of a BSRN station.
For experts, it is hoped that the manual will provide:
• the necessary information required to obtain resources,
• the documentation required to support the establishment of a BSRN site
• information on types and manufacturers of instruments that can be used within the
BSRN and that meet the guidelines on accuracy.
While none of these purposes is fulfilled in an exhaustive manner, most researchers should find
the information sufficient.
The use of the manual by well-trained technologists will aid in the establishment and maintenance
of a BSRN measuring program in a manner consistent with the goals and purposes of the
programme. It is recognized that some of this information will need modification in a variety of
ways. The simplest transformation may be into a language appropriate to those operating the site.
More significant alterations may include the addition of information on particular data acquisition
units or in the forms provided as guidelines for routine maintenance checks. These changes
should be made in a consultative manner between the station scientist and those technologists
performing the particular tasks under discussion.
The manual contains sections on sampling frequency and accuracy requirements for BSRN
stations, the siting of stations, the installation of radiation instruments, solar tracking devices, data
acquisition, station maintenance, radiation instrument calibration, and radiation data reduction
and quality assurance procedures, as well as a variety of ancillary information in Annexes.
However, it must be stated categorically that this operations manual is NOT a primer on the
construction and operation of a radiation monitoring site. It is assumed that the station director
has previous experience in the operation of radiation instruments. Furthermore, it is assumed that
the technologists have at least a minimum of experience in operating data acquisition systems,
computers and similar hardware, although not necessarily equipment specific to the
measurem ent of solar and terrestrial radiation. The manual does provide fundam ental guidance in
assisting station scientists and technologists in meeting the aims, objectives and specifications of
the Baseline Surface Radiation Network.
1.3 Specific objectives and research activities
The specific objectives of the BSRN as found in the Washington, D.C. meeting report, are:
• to measure the surface radiation components at strategic locations with a demonstrated
accuracy and precision sufficient for revealing long-term trends
• to obtain concurrent measurements of atmospheric constituents such as clouds, water
vapour, ozone and aerosols that affect the radiation at the surface and at the top of the
atmosphere
• to assure uniform adherence to the highest achievable standards of procedure, accuracy
and calibration throughout the network.
The associated activities and research goals are:
• Site characterization: Acquisition of quantitative information on features such as nature
of the surface, average cloud cover and type, aerosols, etc., that characterize the site for
satellite applications
• Infrared Irradiance Measurements: Advancing state-of-the-art instrumentation and
methods of observation for accurate measurement of downwelling radiance and
irradiance measurements to meet Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) measurement
standards
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