Kippzonen LAS MkII Scintillometer Manual do Utilizador descarregar pdf (Página 1)

Throughout this manual the following symbols are used to indicate to the user important information.

General warning about conditions, other than those caused by high voltage electricity, which may result in physical

injury and/or damage to the equipment or cause the equipment to not operate correctly.

Note Useful information for the user

1.1 Product overview

The LAS MkII Large Aperture Scintillometer is an optical instrument with a 150 mm diameter beam that is designed for measuring

the path-averaged structure parameter of the refractive index of air (C

) over horizontal path lengths from 250 m to 4.5 km

. When

the supplied 100 mm diameter aperture restrictors are ﬁtted, the path length can be from 100 m to 1 km

LAS MkII uses a transmitter and receiver horizontally separated by several kilometres to measure intensity ﬂuctuations in the

air known as scintillations. This is the same eﬀect, but of much smaller amplitude, as the ‘shimmering’ of air over very hot or

cold surfaces that causes a mirage.

The scintillations seen by the instrument can be expressed as the structure parameter of the refractive index of air (C

). The

light source of the LAS MkII transmitter operates at a near-infrared wavelength of 850 nm. At this wavelength the observed

scintillations are primarily caused by turbulent temperature ﬂuctuations.

Therefore, C

measurements obtained with the LAS MkII can be combined with temporally and spatially coherent meteorological

observations of air temperature, wind speed and air pressure to derive the free convection sensible heat ﬂux (H

free

). An accessory

meteorological sensor kit is available for this purpose, which connects to the LAS MKII receiver.

The LAS MkII is self-contained. The system can be locally conﬁgured at the receiver with a display and menu keys and has

internal digital signal and data processing and data storage. When the data is exported to the included EVATION software

package running on a computer the surface sensible heat ﬂux (H) can be calculated.

Compared to traditional point measurement systems, the LAS MkII operates at spatial scales comparable to the grid box size of

numerical models and the pixel size of satellite images used in meteorology, hydrology and water management studies. The LAS MkII

has important applications in energy balance and water balance studies, because the surface ﬂux of sensible heat is linked to latent

heat ﬂux (L

E) and evapotranspiration (ET). For these measurements a complete LAS MkII ET System is available.

This manual provides information related to the installation, maintenance, calibration, product speciﬁcations and applications

of the scintillometer.

If any questions should remain, please contact your local Kipp & Zonen representative or e-mail the Kipp & Zonen customer and

product support department at: suppor[email protected]

Please go to www.kippzonen.com for information about other Kipp & Zonen products, or to check for any updates to this manual

or software.

The maximum usable path length depends upon the atmospheric conditions, the path lengths given are for ‘clear’ conditions (visibility 10-20 km). In general, it is

best to use the scintillometer at full aperture at path lengths down to 250 m, and the aperture restrictors for shorter paths. However, for ﬁeld-scale measurements

at a range of distances up to 1 km it may be convenient to leave the restrictors ﬁtted.

LAS MkII • Scintillometer

Instruction Manual

1.2 Key parts of the LAS MkII Scintillometer

1.2.1 Transmitter and receiver

The drawing shows the key common parts of the LAS MkII transmitter and receiver:

Sun shield ﬁtted to the mounting for the alignment telescope

Tilt (vertical) adjustment screws

Pan (horizontal) adjustment screws

Transmitter window, with heater and Fresnel lens behind

Drying cartridges

Baseplate

1.2.2 Transmitter rear panel

The drawing shows the key parts of the LAS MkII transmitter rear panel:

Power indicator (red)

Transmitter power adjustment knob (remove screw-on cover)

Signal output connector (4-pin)

Power input connector (12 VDC)

1.2.3 Receiver rear panel

The drawing shows the key parts of the LAS MkII receiver rear panel:

Display

Power and status indicator (green)

Menu navigation keys

Meteorological sensor kit connector (8-pin)

Analogue signal connector (4-pin)

Power input connector (12 VDC)

Digital interface connector (8-pin)

1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 85 86

Resumo do Conteúdo

Página 1 - Instruction Manual

.Throughout this manual the following symbols are used to indicate to the user important information. General warning about conditions, other than th

Página 2 - 1.1 Product overview

.Throughout this manual the following symbols are used to indicate to the user important information. General warning about conditions, other than th

Página 3 - Important User Information

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

Página 4

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

Página 5 - Declaration of Conformity

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

Página 6

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

Página 7 - Table of Contents

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

Página 8

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

Página 9 - 1. Introduction

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Throughout this manual the following symbols are used to indicate to the user important information. General warning about conditions, other than th

Página 13 - 2. Installation

.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not turn

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29.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not tur

Página 23

.Throughout this manual the following symbols are used to indicate to the user important information. General warning about conditions, other than th

Página 24

30.Please follow the instructions in this section carefully for the mechanical and electrical installation of the LAS MkII scintillometer. Do not tur

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31Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

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32Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

Página 27 - Nylon spacer (3x)

33Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

Página 28 - 1. RealTime Data

34Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

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35Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

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36Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

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37Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

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38Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

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39Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

Página 34

.Throughout this manual the following symbols are used to indicate to the user important information. General warning about conditions, other than th

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40Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.2.5.3 Receiver Analogue signal connectorThe receiver is provided with a 4-pin plug for analogue signal

Página 36 - 0000.0 mV

41Instruction Manual - LAS MkII Scintillometer.After completing the software installation and conﬁguration the LAS MkII is ready for operation.5.1 Col

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