Kippzonen BSRN Scientific Solar Monitoring System Manual do Utilizador descarregar pdf (Página 6)

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements...................................................................... I

Preface to the First Edition ................................................................ II

Preface to the Second Edition ............................................................ III

1.0 Introduction......................................................................1

1.1 Overall goals and purpose of the BSRN ........................................2

1.2 Purpose and scope of the operations manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3 Specific objectives and research activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.0 Sampling Frequency and Accuracy Requirements for BSRN Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.1 Sampling Frequency .......................................................8

2.1.1 Sampling Frequency of Radiation Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.1.2 Sampling Frequency of Ancillary Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.2 Uncertainty of Measurements ................................................9

2.2.1 Uncertainty in Radiation Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.2.1.1 Direct Solar Irradiance ........................................9

2.2.1.2 Diffuse Radiation ............................................11

2.2.1.3 Global Radiation ............................................12

2.2.1.4 Reflected Solar Radiation.....................................12

2.2.1.5 Downwelling Infrared Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.2.1.6 Upwelling Infrared Radiation ..................................13

2.2.2 Accuracy of Meteorological Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.3 Accuracy of Data Acquisition Equipment ......................................13

2.3.1 Time.................. ....................................13

2.3.2 Data Acquisition System Accuracy ....................................15

3.0 The BSRN Site..................................................................16

3.1 Geographic Location of Site ................................................16

3.1.1 General Considerations .............................................16

3.1.2 Horizon ......... ............................... ............ ......17

3.1.3 Latitude, Longitude, Elevation ........................................17

3.1.4 General site description for the Archive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.2. BSRN Station Information Document .........................................18

3.2.1 General Description ................................................19

3.2.2 Site Description....................................................19

3.2.3 Station Description .................................................19

3.3 Instrument Exposure ......................................................21

3.4. Additional Station Requirements .............................................21

3.4.1 Ease of Access ....................................................21

3.4.2 Electrical Power ...................................................21

3.4.3 Communication ... ............ ....................................22

3.4.4 Security ..........................................................24

3.5 Site Preparation ..........................................................24

3.5.1 Instrument siting ...................................................24

3.5.2 Instrument platforms.........................................26

3.5.3 Cables...........................................................27

3.5.3.1 Signal cables ...............................................27

3.5.3.2 Electrical Cable .............................................28

4.0 Installation of Radiation Instruments.................................................30

4.1 General......... ........................................................30

4.2 Installation of pyranometers and pyrgeometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.2.1 Pre-installation Checks and Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

4.2.2 Mechanical Installation ..............................................31

4.2.2.1 Ventilated housing...........................................32

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ... 187 188

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